Urban wastewater, as the carrier of various wastes, is considered to be polluted and it should always be treated before discharge. However, scientific experience and technological innovations have been proving that some of these pollutants have actual value and thus can be recovered and used as resources (Roeleveld, Roorda, and Schaafsma 2010). Finding the suitable technological solution for resource recovery (energy, nutrients and water) from urban wastewater is not yet straightforward, often due to technical, economic and legislative challenges (Holmgren et al. 2014). Varying quality and quantity of different urban wastewater streams as well as the environmental impact due to the consumption of energy and chemicals are challenging decision makers when choosing suitable technologies and locations for end–of-pipe solutions (Khiewwijit 2016; Muga and Mihelcic 2008). Moreover, social aspects, such as acceptance of recovered products in the market, play an important role when choosing a technology for resource recovery (Bixio et al. 2006; Drosg et al. 2015). There is plenty of experience with decision making for water and wastewater treatment (Hamouda, Anderson, and Huck 2009) but almost nonexistent for resource recovery from wastewater.
| Start date: | augustus 27, 2018 |
| End date: | januari 25, 2019 |